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Freak show - Wikipedia. Breathe (2017) The Movie High Quality on this page. This article is about an exhibition of biological rarities.
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For other uses, see Freakshow. A freak show is an exhibition of biological rarities, referred to as . Typical features would be physically unusual humans, such as those uncommonly large or small, those with both male and female secondary sexual characteristics, people with other extraordinary diseases and conditions, and performances that are expected to be shocking to the viewers. Heavily tattooed or pierced people have sometimes been seen in freak shows, as have attention- getting physical performers such as fire- eating and sword- swallowing acts. History. A famous early modern example was the exhibition at the court of Charles I of Lazarus and Joannes Baptista Colloredo, two conjoined brothers born in Genoa, Italy.
While Lazarus was handsome and functioning, his parasitic brother just dangled before him in a mass of limbs from his chest. When Lazarus was not exhibiting himself, he covered his brother with his cloak to avoid unnecessary attention. For example, in the 1. Matthias Buchinger, born without arms or lower legs, entertained crowds with astonishing displays of magic and musical ability, both in England and later, Ireland.
In the 1. 84. 0s through the 1. Although not all abnormalities were real, some being alleged, the exploitation for profit was seen as an accepted part of American culture. The amusement park industry flourished in the United States by the expanding middle class who benefited from short work weeks and a larger income. There was also a shift in American culture which influenced people to see leisure activities as a necessary and beneficial equivalent to working, thus leading to the popularity of the freak show.
People who appeared non- white or who had a disability were often exhibited as unknown races and cultures. These “unknown” races and disabled whites were advertised as being undiscovered humans to attract viewers. Hypopituitary dwarfs who tend to be well proportioned and physically attractive, were advertised as lofty. Achondroplastic dwarfs, whose head and limbs tend to be out of proportion to their trunks, were characterized as exotic mode. Those who were armless, legless, or limbless were also in the exotic mode as animal- people; such as “The Snake- Man”, and “The Seal man”. The first was the oral spiel or lecture. This featured a showman or professor who managed the presentation of the people or “freaks”.
The second was a printed advertisement usually using long pamphlets and broadside or newspaper advertisement of the freak show. The third step included costuming, choreography, performance, and space used to display the show, designed to emphasize the things that were considered abnormal about each performer. The final stage was a collectable drawing or photograph that portrayed the group of freaks on stage for viewers to take home. The collectable printed souvenirs were accompanied by recordings of the showmen’s pitch, the lecturer’s yarn, and the professor’s exaggerated accounts of what was witnessed at the show. Exhibits were authenticated by doctors who used medical terms that many could not comprehend. Freak show culture normalized a specific way of thinking about gender, race, sexual aberrance, ethnicity, and disability. Freak shows were a space for the general public to scrutinize bodies different from their own, from dark- skinned people, to victims of war and diseases, to ambiguously sexed bodies.
Barnum was considered the father of modern- day advertising, and one of the most famous showmen/managers of the freak show industry. However, it was very common for Barnum's acts to be schemes and not altogether true. Barnum was fully aware of the improper ethics behind his business as he said, . The museum drew in about 4. Barnum’s American Museum was one of the most popular museums in New York City to exhibit freaks. In 1. 84. 1 Barnum purchased The American Museum, which made freaks the major attraction, following mainstream America at the mid- 1.
Barnum was known to advertise aggressively and make up outlandish stories about his exhibits. Barnum offered one ticket that guaranteed admission to his lectures, theatrical performances, an animal menagerie, and a glimpse at curiosities both living and dead. He then rented it to Barnum for $1. In order to make money and to make the purchase worth it, Barnum made an entire campaign trying to prove that it was indeed a real mermaid.
He distributed about 1. Barnum wanted them to pay, but then didn't have much to say when audiences discovered it was not a true mermaid. Charles had stopped growing after the first 6 months of his life, at which point he was 2. With heavy coaching and natural talent, the boy was taught to imitate people from Hercules to Napoleon. By 5, he was drinking wine, and by 7 smoking cigars for the public's amusement.
During 1. 84. 4–4. Barnum toured with Tom Thumb in Europe and met Queen Victoria, who was amused. When Stratton retired, he lived in the most esteemed neighborhood of New York, he owned a yacht, and dressed in the nicest clothing he could buy.? In 1. 86. 2, he discovered the giantess Anna Swan and Commodore Nutt, a new Tom Thumb, with whom Barnum visited President Abraham Lincoln at the White House. During the Civil War, Barnum's museum drew large audiences seeking diversion from the conflict. Barnum's most popular and highest grossing act was the Tattooed Man, George Contentenus.
He claimed to be a Greek- Albanian prince raised in a Turkish harem. He had 3. 38 tattoos covering his body.
Each one was ornate and told a story. His story was that he was on a military expedition but was captured by native people, who gave him the choice of either being chopped up into little pieces or receive full body tattoos. This process supposedly took three months and Contentenus was the only hostage who survived. He produced a 2. 3- page book, which detailed every aspect of his experience and drew a large crowd.
When Contentenus partnered with Barnum, he began to earn more than $1,0. His wealth became so staggering that the New York Times wrote, . Upon his death in 1. He bought a blind and paralyzed slave for $1,0. He claimed this woman was 1. This lie helped Barnum make a weekly profit of nearly $1,0.
This hoax was one of the first, but one of the more convincing. Barnum was a businessman and exploitation brought in business.
Some of the acts made the equivalent of what some sport stars make today. Merrick arrived in London and into Norman's care. Norman, initially shocked by Merrick's appearance and reluctant to display him, nonetheless exhibited him at his penny gaff shop at 1. Whitechapel Road, directly across the road from the London Hospital. After only a few weeks with Norman, the Elephant Man exhibition was shut down by the police, and Norman and Merrick parted ways. In Treves' 1. 92.
The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences made Norman infamous as a drunk who cruelly exploited Merrick. In a Dime Museum, freak show performers were exhibited as an educational display of people with different disabilities. Men, women, and children were astonished to view them. For a cheap admission viewers were awed with its dioramas, panoramas, georamas, cosmoramas, paintings, relics, Freaks, stuffed animals, menageries, waxworks, and theatrical performances. It was the first of its kind, no other type of entertainment appealed to such diverse audiences before.
New York City was the dime museum capital with an entertainment district that included German beer gardens, theaters, vendors, photography, studios, and a variety of other amusement institutions. New York also had more dime museums than any place in the world.
Visitors were directed from platform to platform by a lecturer, whose role was to be the master of ceremonies. During his performance, the lecturer, also known as the “Professor,” held the audience’s attention by describing the freaks displayed on the various stages.